2. Before he retired to become an art collector, Solomon R. Guggenheim studied in Switzerland, worked in his family's mining business, and was the founder of the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.

1. and was the founder of the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.
   
   
2. and had been the founder of the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.
   
   
3. and also was founding the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.
   
   
4. and founded the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska .
   
   
5. and he also had founded the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.

Before he retired to become an art collector, Solomon R. Guggenheim studied in Switzerland, worked in his family's mining business, and was the founder of the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.


Grammar issue presented: parallelism

-          The sentence lists things Guggenheim did before he retired

-          All items in a list must be parallel. 

This sentence contains faulty parallelism because the first two items describe Guggenheim using verbs: studied and worked. The last item contains a title: founder.  

A.     and was the founder of the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.
Parallel: NO
studied / worked / was a founder

B.    and had been the founder of the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.
Parallel: NO
studied / worked / had been the founder

C.    and also was founding the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.
Parallel: NO
studied / worked / was founding

D.   and founded the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.
Parallel: YES
studied / worked / founded
This sentence turns the noun founder 'into the verb to found and creates proper parallel construction.  

E.   and he also had founded the Yukon Gold Company in Alaska.
Parallel: NO
studied / worked / he had founded
This sentence turns the noun founder into a verb but uses the verb in the past perfect when it should be in the simple past.

(D) contains proper parallel construction because it turns the noun into a verb and uses the same verb form as the other two items in the list.

Q.2 Hard

Q.3 Hard