5. A recent poll shows that, due to animal overpopulation concerns, dog owners had elected to spay and neuter their pets rather than let them reproduce.

1. had elected to spay and neuter their pets rather than let them reproduce.
   
2. had elected to spay and neuter their pets instead of letting them reproduce.
   
3. have elected to be spaying and neutering their pets instead of reproduction.
   
4. have elected to spay and neuter their pets rather than let them reproduce.
   
5. have elected to spay and neuter their pets rather than reproduction.

A recent poll shows that, due to animal overpopulation concerns, dog owners had elected to spay and neuter their pets rather than let them reproduce.       

 
Grammar issue presented: verb tense

- The sentence describes a situation that continues into the present. Therefore, all verbs should be in the present.

-   had elected is in the past perfect and must be corrected.

A. had elected to spay and neuter their pets rather than let them reproduce.
Tense: Past
Correct: NO  

B. had elected to spay and neuter their pets instead of letting them reproduce.
Tense: Past
Correct: NO  

C. have elected to be spaying and neutering their pets instead of reproduction.
Tense: Present
Correct: YES
Additional errors:
Improper comparison: elected to be spaying… instead of reproduction.  

D. have elected to spay and neuter their pets rather than let them reproduce.
Tense: Present
Correct: YES
Additional errors: NO

E. have elected to spay and neuter their pets rather than reproduction.
Tense: Present
Correct: YES
Additional errors:
Improper comparison: elected to spay…rather than reproduction.

(D) is the only choice that puts the sentence into the present tense without creating any additional errors.

Q.4 Medium

Q.6 Medium