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The Usual Suspects: Common Logical Fallacies 1. Circular Reasoning Here,
an unsubstantiated assertion is used to justify another unsubstantiated
assertion, which is used to justify the first statement. For instance,
Joe and Fred show up at an exclusive club. When asked if they are
members, Joe says "I'll vouch for Fred." When Joe is asked
for evidence that he's a member, Fred says, "I'll vouch for
him."
2. The Biased-Sample Fallacy
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