36 pages


Chapter 1: Introduction to Permutations
 

Permutation questions are about taking a group of objects and totaling how many ways we can arrange them in specific ways. Here is an example that we will explain later.

In how many ways can a pet shop line up 3 cats and 3 dogs in 6 cages if the cats must be in the second, fourth, and sixth cages?


I. The Basics: Three Steps to Permutation Clarity

1. Figure out how many places there are to fill.
2. Figure out how many objects potentially can go into each place.
3. Multiply for the answer.


Example

How many outcomes are there when two identical dice are rolled?


Following the steps:

1. Figure out how many places there are to fill
Because there are two dice, there are two places to fill:
__ __


2. Figure out how many objects potentially can go into each place
Because each die has 6 different potential outcomes, we will fill the spaces accordingly:
_6_ _6_

3. Multiply for the answer
_6_ × _6_ = 36


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